Amateka ya Roulette
Amateka ya roulette anyura mu igerageza rya fiziki ryananiranye, mu cyumba cy'imikino cy'i Paris, mu bavandimwe babiri bo mu mujyi w'amazi ashyushye wo mu Budage, no muri kazino yagize akazu kamwe k'icyatsi ihame ry'i Burayi.
Mbere y'uruziga
- 1654
Pascal na Fermat: ikibazo cy'amanota; agaciro gateganyijwe.
Agaciro Gateganyijwe muri Roulette - 1655Uruziga rudafite icyo rumaze
Blaise Pascal, ashakisha imashini ihora igenda ubwayo, akora uruziga ruzunguruka ruringaniye neza. Imashini irananirana; uruziga rugasigara ari igikoresho kidakomwa n'ubushyamirane, gisa n'igitanga ibisubizo bitunguranye.
Blaise Pascal: Umugani w'Uruziga rwa Roulette - 1657
Huygens asohora igitabo cya mbere ku gaciro gateganyijwe.
- 1713
Jakob Bernoulli, Ars Conjectandi: itegeko ry'imibare minini.
Kwegerana mu Gihe Kirekire: Itegeko ry'Imibare Minini muri Roulette - Imyaka ya 1740Roly-poly na E.O.
Inzu z'imikino zo mu Bwongereza zizunguruka inziga zifite imyanya ibangikanye n'itabangikanye. Iyo mikino ibuzwa kenshi, bigatuma ubwoko bwayo bwimukira ku mugabane w'u Burayi.
Ni Nde Wahimbye Roulette? Inkomoko ya Roulette - 1754
d’Alembert asohora ikosa ryaje kwitwa izina rye nk'uburyo bwo gutega.
Ingamba za Roulette za D'Alembert - 1758
New France (Quebec) ibuza dice, hoca, faro na “roulette”: imwe mu nyandiko za mbere zivuga iri zina nk'umukino w'urusimbi.
- Imyaka ya 1760
“Martingale” yinjira mu nkoranyamagambo z'Igifaransa nk'imvugo y'urusimbi.
Ingamba za Roulette za Martingale
Umukino
- 1796Paris, Palais-Royal
Igitabo cy'inkuru La Roulette cya Jaques Lablée gisobanura uruziga rufite utuzu tubiri twa kazino, 0 na 00, mu nzu y'imikino yo mu Palais-Royal. Ni bwo busobanuro bwuzuye bwa mbere bw'umukino w'iki gihe.
Roulette mu Buvanganzo - Imyaka ya 1800
Inziga z'Abanyamerika zongeraho akazu k'igisiga (eagle): imibare itatu ya kazino.
Uruziga n'Amategeko bya Roulette y'Abanyamerika - 1837
Ubufaransa bubuza kazino; umukino wimukira mu mijyi y'amazi ashyushye y'u Budage.
- 1841
Abavandimwe Blanc bahabwa uburenganzira bwa kazino ya Bad Homburg.
François Blanc - 1843Bad Homburg
François na Louis Blanc bafungura kazino muri uwo mujyi w'amazi ashyushye wo mu Budage maze bakuraho zeru ebyiri. Uruziga rwa zeru imwe rugabanya inyungu ya kazino kabiri kandi rukurura abakinnyi bava mu yindi mijyi bahanganye.
Bad Homburg na Kazino zo mu Mijyi y'Amazi Ashyushye - 1863Monte Carlo
Urusimbi rumaze kubuzwa mu Budage hose, Blanc afata kazino yari irimo kugorwa yo muri Monaco. Monte Carlo iba icyitegererezo cya roulette y'i Burayi; zeru imwe iba ihame ryayo.
Roulette ya Monte Carlo - 1866
Dostoevsky, The Gambler.
Roulettenburg ya Dostoevsky - 1868
Gari ya moshi iva i Nice ijya i Monte Carlo.
Casino de Monte-Carlo - 1869
Monaco ikuraho umusoro ku nyungu z'abantu.
- 1872
Prussia ifunga kazino z'u Budage.
Abakinnyi n'ibizamini
- Imyaka ya 1870
Labouchère amenyekanisha uburyo bwo gusiba i Londres.
Ingamba za Roulette za Labouchère - ahagana mu 1880Uruziga rwa Jagger
Joseph Jagger, umucuruzi w'imyenda wo muri Yorkshire, asaba ko ibisubizo by'inziga za Monte Carlo byandikwa maze agatega ku mibare isohoka kenshi cyane. Abona amafaranga menshi cyane; kazino yimura inziga zayo, hanyuma ikazisimbuza.
Joseph Jagger: Ingamba za Roulette i Monte Carlo - 1891Umugabo wamaze banki
Charles Wells amaraho amajeto y'ameza inshuro nyinshi mu minsi mike, bigatera indirimbo yo mu nzu z'imyidagaduro. Iperereza ntiribona uburyo ubwo ari bwo bwose, uretse amahirwe gusa n'uburiganya nyuma ahandi.
Umugabo Wamaze Banki - 1900
Pearson asohora ikizamini cya chi-square akoresheje amakuru y'amazunguruka ya Monte Carlo.
Isuzuma rya Chi-Square - 1907
Ubufaransa bwongera kwemera kazino mu mijyi y'amazi ashyushye no ku nkombe z'inyanja.
- 1913
Umukara inshuro 26 zikurikiranye i Monte Carlo.
Ikosa ry'Umukinnyi w'Urusimbi - 1931
Nevada yemera urusimbi rwa kazino.
Inziga za Roulette za Las Vegas - Imyaka ya 1940
Ulam na von Neumann bita izina uburyo bwa Monte Carlo (Monte Carlo method).
- 1953
Fleming, Casino Royale: Bond atega kuri dazeni ebyiri muri roulette.
Ingamba za Roulette za James Bond - 1961
Thorp na Shannon bakora mudasobwa ya mbere ya roulette yambarwa ku mubiri.
Mudasobwa za Roulette - 1965
Dubins na Savage bagaragaza ko gukina utinyuka (bold play) ari byo byiza mu mikino ihengamiye kazino.
- 1969
Isesengura rya Thorp risobanura impamvu nta buryo bwo gutega butsinda umukino ufite agaciro gateganyijwe kari munsi ya zeru.
Igihuha: Ingamba za Roulette Zihora Zitsinda - 1977–81
Mudasobwa zihishe za The Eudaemons muri Nevada: munsi y'ukuboko mu 1978, mu nkweto mu 1981.
The Eudaemons - 1985
Nevada ihana ibikoresho byo guhanura. Bass asohora The Eudaemonic Pie.
Uburiganya muri Roulette
Umukino w'iki gihe
- Ikinyejana cya 20Kuva mu mijyi y'amazi ashyushye kugera kuri ecran
Roulette igera i Las Vegas zeru ebyiri zisubijweho, hanyuma ku meza ya RNG yo kuri interineti mu myaka ya 1990, no ku nziga zo muri sitidiyo zinyuzwa ku mashusho y'imbonankubone mu myaka ya 2000.
Roulette y'i Burayi na Roulette y'Abanyamerika - Imyaka ya 1990
Umuryango wa García-Pelayo ukoresha inziga zibogamye hafi ya Madrid; bakumirwa; inkiko zikuraho icyo cyemezo (2004).
Gonzalo García-Pelayo: Uburyo bwa Roulette - 1996
Kazino za mbere zo kuri interineti zifite roulette ya RNG.
Roulette y'Imbonankubone na Roulette ya RNG - 2003–06
Roulette ifite kurupiye w'imbonankubone inyuzwa kuri interineti iturutse muri sitidiyo; Riga na Malta biba ibigo byayo bikuru.
Uko Roulette y'Imbonankubone Ikora - 2004
Itsinda ryo kuri Ritz ritsindira £1,3m rihanura agapira; laser yavuzwe ntiyigeze iboneka; nta kirego.
Gukina Ushaka Inyungu muri Roulette - 2005
Itegeko rya UK Gambling Act: impushya zuzuye ku rusimbi rwo kuri interineti.
Roulette mu Bwongereza - 2012
Small na Tse basohora fiziki yo guhanura muri roulette.
Fiziki y'Uruziga rwa Roulette - 2013
New Jersey itangiza kazino zo kuri interineti zigenzurwa n'amategeko.
Roulette muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika - 2016
Roulette ya zeru eshatu kuri Las Vegas Strip.
Roulette ya Zeru Eshatu - 2018
Itegeko rya leta y'Amerika ribuza gutega kuri siporo rikurwaho; leta zishyiraho amategeko yazo.
- 2021
U Budage n'u Buholandi bitanga impushya ku mikino ya kazino yo kuri interineti.
Roulette mu Burayi - 2026
Uru rubuga: buri tariki iri hejuru, hamwe n'imibare yayo.
Umurongo umwe ufite agaciro
Mu binyejana bibiri n'igice, odds za roulette zahindutse rimwe gusa mu nyungu z'umukinnyi (1843, zeru imwe ikurwaho) n'inshuro ebyiri zimurwanya (igisiga mu myaka ya 1800, zeru eshatu mu 2016). Ibindi byose, uburyo bwo gutega, mudasobwa, sitidiyo, amatara, byasize imibare uko Lablée yayisanze: 36/n − 1 ku ruziga rufite akazu kamwe kuruta uwo mubare.
Ibibazo
Iya Pascal. Amagerageza ye ku ruziga ni ukuri; isano yayo na roulette ni umugani wa rubanda.
Mu kinyejana cya 19; uko imibare ikurikirana ku ruziga rw'i Burayi rukoreshwa ubu kwari kwarabaye ihame mu gihe cya Monte Carlo.
Birashoboka ko izaba ijyanye n'amategeko. Uruziga rwo rwararangiye.
Akanya k'urwenya
Ibinyejana bibiri n'igice, impinduka imwe nziza, ebyiri mbi, inkuru nyinshi.
Inkomoko
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.
- Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie.
- Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.”
- Chellel, K. “The Gambler Who Beat Roulette.”
- Shelley, R. Roulette Wheel Study.