Joseph Jagger: Ingamba za Roulette i Monte Carlo

Icyo inyandiko zerekana

Joseph Hobson Jagger yavutse ku wa 2 Nzeri 1830 i Shelf, hagati ya Bradford na Halifax. Yashakanye na Matilda Townend afite imyaka makumyabiri babyarana abana bane. Yakoze mu bucuruzi bw'imyenda ubuzima bwe bwose: nk'umukozi w'ububiko, nk'umufatanyabikorwa mu ruganda rwategura ududodo two kuboha, nk'urangiza imyenda i Manchester. Ibarura rusange ryo mu 1861 rimwita umukozi uhagarariye ubucuruzi bw'ipamba n'imyenda, naho irage rye ryo mu 1881 rikamwita umunyenganda. Nta nyandiko n'imwe imwita injeniyeri. Iryo jambo, na “umukanishi”, biva mu bitabo bivuga kuri Monte Carlo.

Muri Mata 1860, ubucuruzi bwe bw'i Manchester bwarahombye, kandi London Gazette yamushyize ku rutonde rw'abafitiwe imyenda badashobora kwishyura bagombaga kumvwa i Lancaster Castle. Umwana we muto yari afite imyaka ibiri. Umwanditsi w'ubuzima bwe Anne Fletcher, umwuzukuruza we wo mu gisekuru cya gatatu kandi umuhanga mu mateka y'umurage, yabonye ayo matangazo kandi asanga umuryango ukishyura amadeni nyuma y'imyaka cumi n'itanu. Ntiyabonye igihombo cyatangajwe mu 1880 cyangwa 1881, nubwo ibinyamakuru byinshi byakomeje kukivuga muri iyo myaka.

Inkuru nk'uko yacapwe bwa mbere

Inkuru ya kera kurusha izindi ni Monte Carlo Anecdotes and Systems of Play ya Victor Bethell (1901). Bethell amwita “Jaggers”, Umunya-Yorkshire n'umukanishi ku mwuga, kandi ntatanga izina rye rya mbere cyangwa umwaka. Mu nkuru ye, Jaggers yahaye akazi abanditsi batandatu, abicaza ku meza atandukanye kugira ngo bandike buri mubare umunsi wose, maze nyuma y'ukwezi abona intege nke kuri buri ruziga. We n'abantu be batsinze £120.000. Kazino yatangiye kwimura inziga ziva ku meza zijya ku yandi buri joro, ariko Jaggers akazitandukanya akoresheje ibimenyetso bito, umurongo cyangwa akadomo mu irangi. Yasubije £40.000 by'intsinzi maze agenda afite hafi £80.000, ibyo ku gipimo cy'icyo gihe cy'amafaranga 25 y'Igifaransa kuri pawundi ni miliyoni ebyiri z'amafaranga y'Igifaransa. Itariki yonyine Bethell atanga ni uko ibi byose byabaye “hashize imyaka irenga makumyabiri”.

Bethell yandikaga nyuma y'imyaka makumyabiri ibyabaye kandi nta muhamya avuga. Fletcher yashakishije mu binyamakuru byo mu karere, iby'igihugu n'ibyo mu mahanga ntiyabona inkuru y'iyo ntsinzi, kandi igihe se yandikiraga kazino yabwiwe ko inyandiko zayo zo muri icyo gihe zatwitswe.

Uko inkuru yagiye ikura

Buri mwanditsi wakurikiyeho yongeragaho ikintu, kandi ibyo byongeweho ni byo abantu benshi bazi.

Igihe yari ahari

Fletcher ashyira urugendo rwa mbere mu 1880 cyangwa 1881 ashingiye ku bimenyetso bine. Jagger ntari mu rugo rwe mu ibarura rusange ryo muri Mata 1881, aho umugore we yanditswe nk'umukuru w'urugo. Inyandiko y'umutungo yo muri Kanama 1881 imuvuga ku nomero 6 Greaves Street, Bradford, inzu yaguze muri uwo mwaka, kandi mu Ukwakira yakoze irage ry'umuntu ufite umutungo. Icya kane ni ikintu kimwe cyonyine cyasigaye, urufunguzo rw'urwibutso mu gasanduku k'impano, rubitswe n'umuryango. Ibyanditseho, biva ku “nshuti n'abamwemera” be, bivuga intsinzi ye kuri roulette ahanganye na banki i Monte Carlo “mu gihe cy'imyaka ine”, kandi byanditsweho itariki ya 1 Gicurasi 1884.

Fletcher abisobanura nk'ingendo nyinshi hagati ya hafi 1880 na 1884, si icyumweru kimwe. Igihe yamaze yitegereza, n'igihe yamaze akina, ntibyanditswe ahantu na hamwe.

Abo bari kumwe

Abanditsi batandatu ba Bethell nta kibashyigikira, kandi Fletcher agaragaza ko icyumba cyari gifite ameza ane cyangwa atanu gusa ya roulette icyo gihe. Umugenzo umwe w'umuryango, wanditswe n'inshuti yari yarabonye amabaruwa yaje gutwikwa, ni uko umuhungu we w'imfura Alfred yari kumwe na we. Fletcher yongeraho mwishywa we, Oates Jagger, wari utwara moteri ya gari ya moshi, ashingiye ku butunzi bwe bwaje nyuma butasobanuwe; icyo ni igitekerezo cye. Irindi shami ry'umuryango ryahoraga rivuga ko yari kumwe n'umuyobozi w'abakozi be. Amafaranga y'urugendo yagujijwe ku bavandimwe, umwe muri bo, mubyara we, avugwa ko yishyuwe.

Icyo kazino yakoze

Hano na none Bethell ni we nkomoko ya mbere. Avuga ko kazino yatangiye ihinduranya inziga ziva ku meza zijya ku yandi buri joro, maze ibyo binaniranye ikohereza umuntu ku kigo cy'i Paris cyazikoraga. Icyo kigo cyakoze inziga nshya zifite ibice bitandukanya utuzu bishobora kwimurwa, ku buryo akazuibikoreshoAkazuKamwe mu tuzu 37 twanditseho imibare turi kuri rotor. Nanone: slot, cup.Soma byose → kari ahateganye na zeruuruzigaZeruAkazu kamwe k'icyatsi katafatwa n'itega ryishyura kimwe ku kindi, irya dazeni cyangwa iry'inkingi; ni ho inyungu ya kazino ikomoka. Nanone: zeru imwe, 0.Soma byose → umunsi umwe gashobora kuba ahandi bukeye. Polovtsoff, wayoboraga International Sporting Club i Monte Carlo mu myaka ya 1930, avuga kimwe: inziga nshya zifite ibice bisimburana, zivangwa buri munsi. Inziga za kera zarasimbujwe, ntizasanwe.

Igenzura rya buri ruziga buri gitondo hakoreshejwe igipimo cy'uburinganire (spirit level) rifite ibimenyetso bihagije. Adolphe Smith yaribonye ahagana mu 1912, kandi Polovtsoff arisobanura mu 1937. Nta n'umwe uvuga ko ryatangiranye na Jagger, kandi nta nyandiko ya kazino ihuza izi ngamba na we.

Casino de Monte-CarloGupima Uruziga mu Buryo bw'Umubiri

Ukubogama kugomba kungana iki

Ingamba za roulette za Joseph Jagger, nk'uko inkuru ibivuga, zari ugutega ku mibare uruziga rutonesha, kandi ibyo byishyura gusa iyo urenze urugero runaka. Straight upitegaStraight upUmubare umwe, yishyura 35:1.Soma byose → yishyura 35 kuri 1, bityo umubare ugomba gutsinda kenshi kurusha rimwe mu mazunguruka 36 mbere y'uko itega kuri wo ryinjiza ikintu. Ku ruziga rutabogamye rwa zeru imwe, utsinda rimwe muri 37.

Tekereza ko abanditsi bandikaga uruziga rumwe mu kwezi ku mazunguruka 500 ku munsi: amazunguruka 15.000. Umubare utabogamye wasohoka hafi incuro 405, wongereho cyangwa ukuremo 20. Umubare usohotse incuro 465 waba uri imbere ho ibyo “wongereho cyangwa ukuremo” bitatu, ibyo amahirwe yonyine hafi atigera atanga. Umubare nk'uwo utsinda hafi rimwe mu mazunguruka 32, kandi itega kuri wo ryinjiza 11,6%: amajetoamafarangaJeto (chip)Jeto ihagarariye amafaranga angana atahinduka, ishyirwa ku mbonerahamwe y'amatega kugira ngo utege. Nanone: check.Soma byose → 36 agaruka kuri buri 32,3 yategewe. Ukwezi ko kubara wihanganye kurahagije kugira ngo ubone inenge y'urwo rugero, ariko ntiguhagije ngo ubone inenge nto cyane. Amazunguruka 500 ku munsi ni igitekerezo cyafashwe ku bw'iri barura; nta muntu wanditse uko ayo meza yihutaga.

Ingano y'IcyitegererezoItega rya Roulette ku Mubare Umwe (Straight Up)

Nyuma yaho

Jagger ntiyaguze inzu y'akataraboneka. Mu 1881 yaguze inomero 6 Greaves Street i Little Horton, Bradford, kandi mu myaka hafi icumi yakurikiyeho, nk'uko Fletcher abara, nibura amazu mirongo itatu n'abiri afatanye hafi aho, akodeshwa cyangwa atuwemo n'abavandimwe. Yizera ko yahaye hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy'amafaranga abagabo babiri bari kumwe na we. Nta kimenyetso cy'uko yigeze ashyira ahagaragara iyo ntsinzi. Yapfiriye ku nomero 25 Greaves Street ku wa 25 Mata 1892, afite imyaka 61; icyemezo cy'urupfu kivuga diyabete. Ashyinguwe kuri Bethel Chapel i Shelf, hafi y'aho yavukiye. Agaciro nyako k'umutungo we kari £1.710.

Indirimbo

“The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo” yaririmbwe bwa mbere mu 1892, umwaka Jagger yapfiriyemo, kandi umuryango we wamaze igihe kirekire wizera ko ari we ivuga. Si we. Fred Gilbert yayanditse nyuma y'uruhererekane rwa Charles Wells rwo mu 1891, rwuzuye mu binyamakuru (reba Umugabo Wamaze Banki). Charles Kingston yavuze ikintu kimwe mu 1925: icyubahiro cyahawe umuriganya waje nyuma y'Umunya-Yorkshire.

Ibibazo