Amateka n'Umuco · Amateka · iminota 9

Ni Nde Wahimbye Roulette? Inkomoko ya Roulette

Inziga nyinshi, izina rimwe, umujyi amaherezo wabyanditse.

Igisubizo kigufi

Nta muntu n'umwe uzwi mu nyandiko nk'uwahimbye roulette. Umukino nk'uko tuwuzi ugaragara i Paris mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 18, uhuza uruziga ruzenguruka rwavuye mu mikino ya mbere n'imbonerahamwe y'amatega yatijwe ku mikino yo ku meza y'Abataliyani n'Abongereza.

isobanura rya mbere ryuzuye
1801, ry'uruziga rw'i Paris rwo mu 1796
inziga za mbere
E.O., roly-poly, biribi
zeru imwe
1843
izina
Igifaransa, “uruziga ruto”

Abakurambere

Imikino itatu ya kera ni yo yatanze ibice. Inziga z'Abongereza za E.O. (“even-odd”) zo mu myaka ya 1740 zari zifite uruziga ruzenguruka rufite utuzuibikoreshoAkazuKamwe mu tuzu 37 twanditseho imibare turi kuri rotor. Nanone: slot, cup.Soma byose → mirongo ine twanditseho E cyangwa O n'agapiraibikoreshoAgapiraAgapira gato koherezwa mu nzira kerekeza mu cyerekezo kinyuranye n'icya rotor. Udupira tw'iki gihe dukozwe muri ivorine cyangwa Teflon, mm 18–21.Soma byose → kawutererwaho; zabujijwe mu 1745 ariko zikomeza gukinwa. Roly-poly, umukino w'Abongereza wa mbere yawo, wari umeze utyo. Umukino wa tombola w'Abataliyani witwa biribi, bivugwa ko watangiriye i Genoa ahagana mu 1750 kandi wari uzwi mu Bufaransa nka cavagnole, wakoreshaga ikibaho cy'imibare 70 abakinnyi bategagaho n'umufuka bakuragamo umubare; umubare watsinze wishyuraga inshuro 64 z'itega, itega ririmo (63 kuri 1), bityo uwari ufite banki yagumanaga 6 kuri buri initeamafarangaIniteItega ry'ibanze uburyo cyangwa umukinnyi akoresha. Impererekane z'amatega zisobanurwa mu nite kugira ngo zikoreshwe ku meza ayo ari yo yose.Soma byose → 70 zategewe, inyungu ya 8,57%. Casanova, wawukinnye mu myaka ya 1760, yawise umukino w'abariganya, kandi Ubufaransa bwarawubujije mu 1837. Watanze igitekerezo cy'imbonerahamweibikoreshoImbonerahamwe y'amategaImbonerahamwe yo gutega yanditse ku meza. Nanone: ameza, igitambaro cy'ameza.Soma byose → y'imibare ifite ubwishyuamafarangaUbwishyuIbyo itega ryatsinze rigarura, bivugwa nka “X kuri 1” hiyongereyeho itega rigarurwa.Soma byose → bunini bufite amahirwe make. Hoca, yakinirwaga ku ngoro y'umwami w'u Bufaransa mu myaka ya 1600, yari ifite imibare mirongo itatu n'inyungu ya kazinoimibareInyungu ya kazinoIgice cya buri tega kazino igumana ku mpuzandengo: 2,70% muri roulette y'i Burayi.Soma byose → yubakiye ku myanya yagenewe banki. Nta na kimwe muri byo ari roulette; byose hamwe ni ababyeyi bayo.

Mbere ya roulette
Imyaka ya 1600

Hoca ku ngoro y'umwami w'u Bufaransa: imibare mirongo itatu, imyanya ya banki. Yabujijwe na Louis XIV, ariko ikomeza gukinwa.

Imyaka ya 1700

Biribi mu Butaliyani no mu Bufaransa: ikibaho cy'imibare, umubare ukurwa mu mufuka, ubwishyu bunini bufite amahirwe make.

Imyaka ya 1740

Inziga za E.O. mu nzu z'imikino z'Abongereza: uruziga ruzenguruka, agapira, itabangikanye cyangwa ibangikanye. Zabujijwe mu 1745.

Imyaka ya 1790

Paris ihuza uruziga n'imbonerahamwe y'imibare. 0 na 00 byombi ni utuzu twa kazino.

1796

Umukino wo mu Palais-Royal igitabo cy'inkuru cya Lablée (1801) gisobanura mu buryo burambuye bumenyekana.

Roulette yahimbiwe he? I Paris, mbere ya 1796

Igitabo cy'inkuru La Roulette, ou le Jour cya Jaques Lablée, cyasohotse mu 1801, gisobanura uruziga rwo mu Palais-Royal mu 1796 rufite imibare 1 kugeza 36, zeruuruzigaZeruAkazu kamwe k'icyatsi katafatwa n'itega ryishyura kimwe ku kindi, irya dazeni cyangwa iry'inkingi; ni ho inyungu ya kazino ikomoka. Nanone: zeru imwe, 0.Soma byose → y'umutukuitegaUmutukuItega ryishyura kimwe ku kindi ku mibare 18 y'umutuku. Mu Gifaransa: rouge.Soma byose → na zeru ebyiriubwokoZeru ebyiriAkazu ka 00 k'uruziga rw'Abanyamerika. Kuba gahari bizamura inyungu ya kazino kuva kuri 2,70% kugeza kuri 5,26%.Soma byose → y'umukaraitegaUmukaraItega ryishyura kimwe ku kindi ku mibare 18 y'umukara. Mu Gifaransa: noir.Soma byose → zagenewe kazino, n'imbonerahamwe ifite amatega yo imbere n'amatega yo hanzeitegaItega ryo hanzeItega ku dusanduku dukikije imbonerahamwe y'imibare: dazeni, inkingi n'amatega yishyura kimwe ku kindi.Soma byose → hafi nk'uko ari ubu. Ni isobanura rya mbere ryuzuye kandi ryari risanzwe ari umukino w'iki gihe. Palais-Royal yari agace k'urusimbi k'i Paris, gafite uruhushya kandi gasora, kugeza ubwo ibuzwa ryo mu 1837 ryimuriye umukino mu mijyi y'amazi ashyushye y'u Budage.

Palais-Royal mu 1796, agace k'urusimbi k'i Paris, roulette iri mu idirishya ricanye hejuru.

Bad Homburg na Kazino zo mu Mijyi y'Amazi AshyushyeAmatega yo Imbere n'ayo Hanze muri Roulette

Izina

Roulette ni ijambo ry'Igifaransa risobanura “uruziga ruto”. Iryo jambo ryakoreshwaga ku yindi mikino y'inziga mbere y'uko rigumaho kuri uyu: amabwiriza yo mu 1758 ya New France, ubukoloni bw'Abafaransa ku ruzi rwa St Lawrence, yari asanzwe abuza “dice, hoca, faro na roulette”, nk'uko Shelley (1988) abivuga, atavuze uko iyo roulette yari imeze. Mu nyandiko za mbere z'Icyongereza umukino rimwe na rimwe witwa “roulet” cyangwa ugasobanurwa nka “the French E.O.”. Mu myaka ya 1820, “roulette” yasobanuraga umukino umwe wihariye ahantu hose mu Burayi.

Zeru ebyiri

Inziga za mbere z'i Paris zari zifite 0 na 00, ibyo bigaha kazino inyungu ya 5,26% ku ruziga rw'utuzu 38. Uruziga rwa zeru imwe rwari icyemezo cy'ubucuruzi cy'abavandimwe Blanc i Bad Homburg mu 1843, kigamije gukurura abakinnyi bo mu yindi mijyi y'amazi ashyushye bahanganye. Uruziga rw'Abanyamerika rwagumanye zeru zombi kuko umukino wari waragezeyo mbere y'iyo mpinduka kandi nta muntu waho wari ufite uwo bahanganye ngo amurushe igiciro. Inziga zimwe za mbere z'Abanyamerika zarenzeho: imbonerahamwe imwe yo mu kinyejana cya 19 yari ifite imibare 1 kugeza 28 gusa hamwe na 0, 00 n'igisiga, yishyuraga umubare umwe 27 for 1, inyungu ya 12,90%, kandi ikatwara 9,68% ku nkingiitegaInkingiImibare cumi n'ibiri iri mu nkingi imwe ihagaze ku mbonerahamwe y'amatega, yishyura 2:1.Soma byose → zayo no ku mabara. Ntiyamaze igihe.

Paris, 1796Homburg, 1843Monte Carlo, 1863Amerika, imyaka ya 1800
utuzu38 (0, 00)37 (0)37 (0)38; inziga zimwe zifite igisiga nka zeru ya gatatu
inyungu ya kazino5,26%2,70%2,70%5,26–12,90%
imbonerahamwehafi nk'iy'iki gihekimwekimwe, amazina mu Gifaransakimwe, amazina mu Cyongereza
uko byari byifashebyabujijwe mu Bufaransa mu 1837uruhushya rwo mu mujyi w'amazi ashyushyeubucuruzi bwihariwe na letabyemewe mu turere tumwe

Uruziga n'Amategeko bya Roulette y'Abanyamerika

Impamvu yakwiriye hose

Roulette ntisaba ubuhanga, irangira buri munota, kandi yemerera abakinnyi bangana bate gutega icyarimwe bahanganye na kazino idashobora guhomba mu gihe kirekire. Ku muyobozi wa kazino ni umukino mwiza cyane: wihuta, woroshye, wagurwa kandi wunguka ku gipimo kizwi. Kuri leta urasoreshwa. Umukino wakurikiye amafaranga n'impushya uva i Paris ujya i Homburg, i Monaco, no hose.

Uruziga rufite uruhushya rugenda muri gari ya moshi, rukurikiye amafaranga n'impushya rwerekeza i Monaco.

Roulette ya Monte CarloKwegerana mu Gihe Kirekire: Itegeko ry'Imibare Minini muri Roulette

Ibitarahindutse

Imbonerahamwe, ubwishyu (36/n − 1), uko icyiciro gikurikirana n'uruhare rwa kurupiye ni bimwe mu isobanura rya Lablée no kuri videwo y'imbonankubone y'uyu munsi. Uko imibare ikurikirana ku ruziga, deflectoribikoreshoDeflectorKimwe mu bimenyetso by'icyuma biri kuri apron bitatanya agapira kagwa. Nanone: canoe, diamond, pin.Soma byose → na fretibikoreshoFretUrukuta rw'icyuma rutandukanya utuzu tubiri ku ruziga.Soma byose → ngufi ni amavugurura yo mu kinyejana cya 19 yo guhangana n'abakinnyi bari barize gukurikirana agapira n'amaso. Zeru imwe ni yo mpinduka yonyine yakoze ku odds, kandi yazigize nziza kurushaho.

Roulette y'i Burayi

Ibibazo

Ese Pascal ni we wahimbye roulette?

Yakoze amagerageza ku nziga zizenguruka mu myaka ya 1650 ku bw'izindi mpamvu. Kumwitirira ni umugani wa rubanda, ntibigaragazwa n'inyandiko. Reba paji ye.

Ese roulette yigeze yemerwa mu Bufaransa mbere y'ikinyejana cya 20?

Yari ifite uruhushya mu Palais-Royal kugeza mu 1837, hanyuma irabuzwa kugeza mu 1907, ubwo kazino zo mu mijyi y'amazi ashyushye no ku nkombe z'inyanja zongeraga kwemerwa.

Kuki imibare ikurikirana ku ruziga uko ikurikirana?

Kugira ngo amabara asimburane neza kandi minini/mito n'itabangikanye/ibangikanye bikwirakwire. Uko ikurikirana nyako kwemejwe mu kinyejana cya 19 kandi ntikwahindutse.

Kwishimisha n'Imibare

Banza ubigerageze ubwawe. Buri gisubizo kirapfunyitse; ugifungure igihe witeguye.

  1. Biribi yasubizaga 64 for 1 ku mubare umwe muri 70, harimo n'itega: 63 kuri 1. Iyo ni iyihe nyungu ya kazino? Iyaba yaratangaga itega ku mibare ibiri, ni ubuhe bwishyuamafarangaUbwishyuIbyo itega ryatsinze rigarura, bivugwa nka “X kuri 1” hiyongereyeho itega rigarurwa.Soma byose → bwagumana inyungu ya kazino imwe?

    Erekana igisubizo

    Igisubizo Inyungu ya kazino ni 6/70, 8,57%. Itega ku mibare ibiri ryakwishyura 31 kuri 1, umubare wuzuye.

    Umubare umwe utsinda rimwe mu matombola 70 kandi wishyura initeamafarangaIniteItega ry'ibanze uburyo cyangwa umukinnyi akoresha. Impererekane z'amatega zisobanurwa mu nite kugira ngo zikoreshwe ku meza ayo ari yo yose.Soma byose → 63; andi matombola 69 atakaza 1: (63 − 69)/70 = −6/70, inyungu ya kazino ya 8,57%. Mu yandi magambo, banki isubiza 64 aho umukino utabogamyeimibareUmukino utabogamyeUmukino aho nta ruhande rufite inyungu: buri tega rifite agaciro gateganyijwe kangana na zeru.Soma byose → wasubiza 70.

    Itega ku mibare ibiri kuri x kuri 1 ritsinda kabiri mu matombola 70: inite 2x zatsinzwe ugereranyije na 68 zatakajwe, agaciro gateganyijweimibareAgaciro gateganyijweIgisubizo mpuzandengo kuri buri tega mu gihe kirekire. −1/37 y'itega kuri buri tega risanzwe ry'i Burayi.Soma byose → ka (2x − 68)/70. Shyira 2x − 68 = −6: x = 31. Ibyo ni 32 zigaruka for 1, kimwe cya kabiri cya 64.

    Ubwishyu bwa Biribi bukurikiza 64/n zigaruka for 1, kandi 64 igabanywa neza mo kabiri ku mibare 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 na 32, bityo ayo matega aza yuzuye. 36 ya roulette igabanywa na 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18 na 36, bikwiranye n'imbonerahamwe y'amategaibikoreshoImbonerahamwe y'amategaImbonerahamwe yo gutega yanditse ku meza. Nanone: ameza, igitambaro cy'ameza.Soma byose → y'imirongo y'itatu.

  2. Imibare 70 ya Biribi, ishyizwe ku mirongo, yasigaga umwanya w'amatega ane ku mibare itatu. Ukurikije itegeko riri inyuma y'inyungu ya kazino ya 8,57% y'umubare umwe, itega ku mibare itatu ryagombye kwishyura angahe? Ubwishyu bwuzuye bwegereye bwatwara angahe?

    Erekana igisubizo

    Igisubizo 20⅓ kuri 1. Kwishyura 20 kuri 1 byatwara 10%; kwishyura 21 kuri 1, 5,71%.

    Itegeko rikomoka ku kibazo kiri hejuru: itega ku mibare n ryishyura 64/n zigaruka for 1. Ku mibare itatu ni 64/3 = 21⅓ zigaruka, cyangwa 20⅓ kuri 1, nta jetoamafarangaJeto (chip)Jeto ihagarariye amafaranga angana atahinduka, ishyirwa ku mbonerahamwe y'amatega kugira ngo utege. Nanone: check.Soma byose → ishobora kubyishyura.

    Itega ku mibare itatu kuri x kuri 1 ritsinda inshuro 3 mu matombola 70 rigatsindwa inshuro 67: agaciro gateganyijwe ka (3x − 67)/70. Kuri 20 kuri 1: −7/70, 10%. Kuri 21 kuri 1: −4/70, 5,71%.

    Kumanura kimwe cya gatatu cy'inite bitwara umukinnyi hafi inota n'igice; kuzamura bisubiza hafi amanota atatu. Mirongo itatu na gatandatu, ifite ibigabanya byinshi, irinda roulette ayo mahitamo kuri buri tega uretse irya Abanyamerika ry'imibare itanu.

  3. Uruziga rwa kagoma rwo mu kinyejana cya 19 rwari rufite utuzuibikoreshoAkazuKamwe mu tuzu 37 twanditseho imibare turi kuri rotor. Nanone: slot, cup.Soma byose → 31, 1 kugeza kuri 28 wongeyeho 0, 00 na kagoma, kandi rwishyuraga 27 for 1 ku mubare umwe. Amatega yarwo ku nkingiitegaInkingiImibare cumi n'ibiri iri mu nkingi imwe ihagaze ku mbonerahamwe y'amatega, yishyura 2:1.Soma byose → no ku ibara yatwaraga 9,68%. Itega ku mibare ine ryagombye kwishyura angahe, “for 1”, kugira ngo ritware kimwe?

    Erekana igisubizo

    Igisubizo 7 for 1, bitwara 3/31 = 9,68%.

    Itega ryishyura X for 1 risubiza inite X, harimo n'itega, iyo ritsinze. Itega ku mibare ine ritsinda inshuro 4 muri 31, bityo rigarura inite 4X kuri buri 31 zategewe: agaciro gateganyijwe ka (4X − 31)/31.

    Kuri 7 for 1 ni −3/31, 9,68%, kimwe n'inkingi n'amabara. Kuri 8 for 1 byaba +1/31, inyungu ku mukinnyi. Bityo itegeko ry'uruziga rwa kagoma ryari (28 − n)/n kuri 1, utuzu dutatu twa kazino muri 31.

Akanya k'urwenya

Uruziga rw'Abongereza, imbonerahamwe y'Abataliyani, izina ry'Igifaransa, zeru ebyiri.

Uruziga rw'Abongereza, imbonerahamwe y'Abataliyani, izina ry'Igifaransa, zeru ebyiri.

Inkomoko

  1. Lablée, J. La Roulette, ou le Jour. Paris, 1801.
  2. Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005.
  3. Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling. Gotham, 2006.
  4. Bollman, M. Mathematics of the Big Four Casino Table Games: Blackjack, Baccarat, Craps, & Roulette. CRC Press, 2021. Igice cya 2, roulette.
  5. Shelley, R. Roulette Wheel Study. 1988. Amabwiriza ya New France yo mu 1758.
  6. Dictionnaire de l’Académie française, 4th ed. Paris, 1762. “Biribi”: inyungu ya banki ni esheshatu kuri mirongo irindwi.
byasuzumwe 2026-09-28icyitegererezo: uruziga rw'i Burayi, zeru imweuburyo bwakoreshejwe ↗inkomoko ↗